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Publications
Iraq's Post-Withdrawal Crisis, Update 18
April 23, 2012 - Ramzy Mardini![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/iraq_update_11_5.jpg?itok=bEFzAEMs)
April 14, 2012-April 20, 2012. Iraqiyya, Kurds Consider Vote to Unseat Maliki, Barzani To Istanbul, Maliki To Tehran, Parliament Extends IHEC Mandate.
Karzai Appoints Four Provincial Governors
April 23, 2012![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/bkg_karzaigovernors.jpg?itok=wbrITFBB)
In April 2012, Afghan President Hamid Karzai approved new governor appointments for Sar-e Pul, Logar, Uruzgan, and Farah provinces.
Iranian Efforts to Bypass Oil Sanctions
April 16, 2012![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/iransanctions.jpg?itok=8zLnltyd)
This backgrounder addresses some of the ways Iran is bypassing sanctions—specifically, how and to whom Iran can still sell its oil, alternative methods for processing payments for oil, and how it can transport oil to its customers.
Syria's Political Opposition
April 13, 2012![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/syriapolitcalopp.jpg?itok=27Vw1GCD)
This report provides detailed information on the diverse groupings of the Syrian political opposition in order to inform the international community’s response to the conflict. It distinguishes between the expatriate political opposition and the grassroots protest movement operating on the ground in Syria.
Iraq's Post-Withdrawal Crisis, Update 17
April 13, 2012 - Ramzy Mardini![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/iraq_update_8_3_0_4.jpg?itok=idBc0wCX)
April 5, 2012-April 13, 2012. Members Appointed To Human Rights Commission, Parliament Speaker Reminds Maliki about Role, Hashemi Goes to Turkey.
Releasing Taliban Detainees: A Misguided Path To Peace
April 6, 2012![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/dresslerhock_detainees.jpg?itok=JByIr6bT)
In an effort to bring the war in Afghanistan to a swift conclusion, the Obama administration is trying to bring the Taliban to the negotiating table.
Electoral Reform Critical Before Afghanistan’s Next Presidential Election
April 6, 2012![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/afghanelections.jpg?itok=erOrNQH4)
The Afghan government must make substantial improvements to the electoral process to successfully hold its next presidential election in 2014.
Iraq's Post-Withdrawal Crisis, Update 16
April 5, 2012 - Institute for the Study of War![](https://understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumb-wide/public/iraq_update_11_6.jpg?itok=8pCc56cz)
March 30- April 5, 2012. KRG President Massoud Barzani Visits Washington, Hashemi Makes Official Trip to Qatar, National Reconciliation Meeting Postponed Indefinitely.
Relations With Iraq's Kurds: Toward A Working Partnership
April 3, 2012 - Ramzy MardiniKurdistan Regional Government (KRG) President Massoud Barzani will be visiting the White House on April 4 and meeting with President Barack Obama.